12.1 Introduction

Blood transports substances and maintains homeostasis in the body

Hematophobia =

12.2 Blood and Blood Cells

What kind of tissue is blood?

Composed of 2 basic components

1. Cells (rbc, wbc, platelets)
2. Plasma (water, amino acids, vitamins, hormones, electrolytes, cellular waste)

Hematocrit -

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Types of Blood Cells

erythrocytes
leukocytes
thrombocytes

RED BLOOD CELLS (erythrocytes)

What is their shape?

How many are found in a cubic millimeter?

What cell structure is missing from blood cells?

What is hematopoeisis?

How are old blood cells destroyed?

What hormone causes the production of rbc's?

Main Functions of Red Blood Cells

- transport O2 throughout body, removes CO2

- Hemoglobin = molecule which combines with O2 to transport it

Oxyhemoglobin - plenty of oxygen, color =

Deoxyhemoglobin - not carrying much O2, color =

*HUMAN BLOOD IS NEVER BLUE*

Elements Critical for RBC Production =

Anemia = too few RBC

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WHITE BLOOD CELLS (Leukocytes)

General function - defend the body against disease-causing agents (microorganisms)

Granulocytes (granular cytoplasm)	1. Neutrophils
	2. Eosinophils
	3. Basophils
Agranulocytes (lacking granular cytoplasm)	4. Monocytes
	5. Lymphocytes

PLATELETS (thrombocytes)

- help initiate formation of blood clots, close breaks in damaged blood vessels

12.3 Blood Plasma

- The liquid portion of the blood, 92% water
- Transport nutrients, gases, vitamins, maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, and pH
Plasma Proteins
1. Albumins -
2. Globulins -
3. Fibrinogen -

12.4 Hemostasis

- the process of stopping bleeding. Involves coagulation and the clotting of blood to seal site of damage, 3 Key Events:
1. Blood vessel spasm =
2. Platelet plug formation =
3. Blood coagulation =
Thrombin causes change of fibrinogen to fibrin, which trap platelets and blood cells to form a hematoma
Thrombus = a blood clot abnormally forming in a vessel
Embolus = when the clot moves and becomes lodged in another place

Red Gold - The Epic Story of Blood

Phase 1: The Creation of Blood

1. What are the three kinds of cells found in blood? _________________________
2. What molecule in the blood cell carries oxygen? __________________________
3. What element makes blood red? _______________________
4. What is the function of leukocytes? _______________________________
5. What is the function of platelets? _________________________________
6. Plasma is made of 90% _____________________________________
How is Blood Produced?

7. Where in the body are blood cells made? ______________________________
8. What might cause the body to produce more blood cells? ___________________

Phase 2: The Circulatory System

9. Approximately how many liters of blood move through the circulatory system? ___
10. Name the three parts of the circulatory system:
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
11. __________________ circulation is when blood flows through the kidneys.
12. What is the main artery that leaves the heart? _____________________________
13. Blood moves from arteries into ________________________________

Phase 3: Donation

14. How long does it take for your body to replace fluids lost during blood donation? _________________
15. What should you do before donating blood? _____________________________________________________
16. What organization collects blood? ________________________________________________
' Testing Donated Blood
17. What are the four blood types? __________________________________
18. Rh type can be _______________________________ or ________________________________
19. Name two diseases you would be tested for before donating blood: ___________________________________

 

Phase 4: Blood Banks

20. Blood donated is split into three components. What are they? _______________________________________
21. What type of patients might use the platelets? ________________________________________
22. What type of patients might use the plasma? ___________________________________________

Phase 5: The Transfusion

23. Which blood type can receive blood from all groups? ___________________________
24. What are the two most common blood types in the U.S.? ____________________________

Write short descriptions for each of the following as you browse the site.
Bone marrow __________________
Stem Cell __________________
Red blood cell __________________
White blood cell __________________
Hemoglobin __________________
Platelet __________________
Plasma __________________
Transfusion __________________
Artery __________________
Vein __________________
Capillary __________________
Aorta __________________
Leukemia __________________
Hepatitis __________________